Gambling involves risking something of value (like money) on an event involving chance and the expectation that the event will change in some way. Common examples include lotteries, sports betting and casino games like card games or electronic gaming machines. Gambling is regulated by state and federal laws that limit the means, types and location of gambling activities and prohibit certain forms of gambling.
Many people have some kind of relationship with gambling, from playing cards with friends at home to making a wager on a football game or horse race. While most gamble responsibly, a small percentage develop gambling problems that can lead to significant emotional, financial and family distress and even legal issues. Approximately 2.5 million adults in the U.S. meet the criteria for a diagnosis of pathological gambling in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.
It can feel lonely and hopeless coping with a loved one’s gambling addiction. The desire to hide their spending or lie about how much they bet can become so strong that it seems impossible to stop. They may be compelled to continue to gamble until they’ve spent all their money, even upping their bets in an attempt to win back the money they’ve lost. The stress caused by their gambling can also lead to other problematic behaviors, such as substance abuse or depression.
Research shows that some people are genetically predisposed to thrill-seeking behavior and impulsivity, which can contribute to the development of gambling disorder. However, a combination of other factors, both psychological and environmental, are associated with the development of gambling addiction.
A major factor is a person’s perception of gambling as an acceptable activity, which can be determined by culture and other social expectations. People who live in communities where gambling is considered a normal pastime often find it difficult to recognize when their gambling becomes problematic.
Another factor is a person’s underlying mood disorders that can trigger or be made worse by problem gambling. Depression, anxiety and other mood disorders can all contribute to gambling addiction and make it harder to quit. It’s important to seek treatment for these conditions if they are present.
Getting help is the first step to recovery. Individuals struggling with gambling addiction should consider therapy, support groups and self-help programs. It’s also helpful to talk with a counselor who specializes in gambling addiction, because they will be able to provide specific strategies and tools for overcoming the problem. Family therapy and marriage, career and credit counseling can also be useful for addressing the other problems that are created or made worse by compulsive gambling. These kinds of interventions can restore a person’s sense of control and reduce the negative consequences of their gambling. This will also help them refocus their attention on healthier and more rewarding activities.